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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)

   Introduction   Geography   People   Government   Economy   Communications   Transportation   Military   Transnational Issues  
 
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Introduction Top of Page
Background: The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses a small military garrison. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 miles to 200 miles around each island.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Geography Top of Page
Location: Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Geographic coordinates: 54 30 S, 37 00 W
Map references: Antarctic Region
Area: total:  3,903 sq km

land:  3,903 sq km

water:  0 sq km

note:  includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Rhode Island
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: NA km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone:  200 NM

territorial sea:  12 NM
Climate: variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Terrain: most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Elevation extremes: lowest point:  Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:  Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use: arable land:  0%

permanent crops:  0%

permanent pastures:  0%

forests and woodland:  0%

other:  100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)
Natural hazards: the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Environment - current issues: NA
Geography - note: the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    People Top of Page
Population: no indigenous inhabitants

note:  the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Government Top of Page
Country name: conventional long form:  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

conventional short form:  none
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by UK civil commissioner Donald A. LAMONT, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is the garrison town
National holiday: Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Constitution: adopted 3 October 1985
Legal system: the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation from the US: none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Flag description: the flag of the UK is used
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Economy Top of Page
Economy - overview: Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK.
Budget: revenues:  $291,777

expenditures:  $451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel:  NA%

hydro:  NA%

nuclear:  NA%

other:  NA%
Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Communications Top of Page
Telephone system: general assessment:  NA

domestic:  NA

international:  coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations: none
Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)
Internet country code: .gs
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Transportation Top of Page
Waterways: none
Ports and harbors: Grytviken
Airports: none
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Military Top of Page
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands    Transnational Issues Top of Page
Disputes - international: claimed by Argentina

 

Source of Information: CIA - The World Factbook 2001