| Background: |
The third
smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco)
also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to
tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named
Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned
with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the
republic also track closely with those of its larger
neighbor. |
| Location: |
Southern Europe,
an enclave in central Italy |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
43 46 N, 12 25 E |
| Area: |
total:
61.2 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
about 0.3 times
the size of Washington, DC |
| Land
boundaries: |
total:
39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km |
| Coastline: |
0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime
claims: |
none (landlocked) |
| Climate: |
Mediterranean;
mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
| Terrain: |
rugged mountains |
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
| Natural
resources: |
building stone |
| Land
use: |
arable land:
17%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 83% (1993 est.) |
| Environment
- current issues: |
NA |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test
Ban
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
| Geography
- note: |
landlocked;
smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and
Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
| Population: |
27,336 (July 2001
est.) |
| Age
structure: |
0-14 years:
15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100)
15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525)
65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female
2,520) (2001 est.) |
| Population
growth rate: |
1.45% (2001 est.) |
| Birth
rate: |
10.76
births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Death
rate: |
7.68 deaths/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Net
migration rate: |
11.45 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Sex
ratio: |
at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001
est.) |
| Infant
mortality rate: |
6.21 deaths/1,000
live births (2001 est.) |
| Life
expectancy at birth: |
total
population: 81.23 years
male: 77.68 years
female: 85.1 years (2001 est.) |
| Total
fertility rate: |
1.3 children
born/woman (2001 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: |
NA% |
| HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
| Nationality: |
noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese |
| Ethnic
groups: |
Sammarinese,
Italian |
| Religions: |
Roman Catholic |
| Literacy: |
definition:
age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97%
female: 95% (1976 est.) |
| Country
name: |
conventional
long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino |
| Government
type: |
independent
republic |
| Administrative
divisions: |
9 municipalities
(castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore,
Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino,
San Marino, Serravalle |
| Independence: |
3 September 301 |
| National
holiday: |
Founding of the
Republic, 3 September (301) |
| Constitution: |
8 October 1600;
electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a
constitution |
| Legal
system: |
based on civil
law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Suffrage: |
18 years of age;
universal |
| Executive
branch: |
chief of
state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi
LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period
1 April 2001-30 September 2001)
head of government: Secretary of State for
Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July
1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great
and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents)
elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month
term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA
September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and
political affairs elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next
to be held NA June 2003)
election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio
BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote
- NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for
foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote -
NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand
and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as
the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month
period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General
Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten
other members, all selected by the Grand and General
Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries
of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance -
and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state
for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of
a prime minister |
| Legislative
branch: |
unicameral Grand
and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely
to be held by NA June 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party -
PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR
4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC
2, SR 2 |
| Judicial
branch: |
Council of Twelve
or Consiglio dei XII |
| Political
parties and leaders: |
Communist
Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM
[Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or
PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of
Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive
Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino
Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for
Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] |
| Political
pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
| International
organization participation: |
CE, ECE, FAO,
IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM
(observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO,
WIPO, WToO |
| Diplomatic
representation in the US: |
San Marino does
not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC,
and New York
honorary consulate(s): Detroit |
| Diplomatic
representation from the US: |
the US does not
have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in
Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino |
| Flag
description: |
two equal
horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the
national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks)
flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll
bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) |
| Economy
- overview: |
The tourist
sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3
million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are
banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main
agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita
level of output and standard of living are comparable to
those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which
supplies much of its food. |
| GDP: |
purchasing power
parity - $860 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- real growth rate: |
8% (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power
parity - $32,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture:
NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
2.2% (2000) |
| Labor
force: |
18,500 (1999) |
| Labor
force - by occupation: |
services 60%,
industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.) |
| Unemployment
rate: |
3% (1999) |
| Budget: |
revenues:
$400 million
expenditures: $400 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Industries: |
tourism, banking,
textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine |
| Industrial
production growth rate: |
6% (1997 est.) |
| Electricity
- production: |
NA kWh |
| Electricity
- production by source: |
fossil fuel:
NA%
hydro: NA%
nuclear: NA%
other: NA% |
| Electricity
- consumption: |
NA kWh |
| Electricity
- exports: |
0 kWh
note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999) |
| Electricity
- imports: |
NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy |
| Agriculture
- products: |
wheat, grapes,
corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides |
| Exports: |
trade data are
included with the statistics for Italy |
| Exports
- commodities: |
building stone,
lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides,
ceramics |
| Imports: |
trade data are
included with the statistics for Italy |
| Imports
- commodities: |
wide variety of
consumer manufactures, food |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
$NA |
| Currency: |
Italian lira (ITL);
euro (EUR) |
| Exchange
rates: |
euros per US
dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863
(1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1
(1997), 1,542.9 (1996) |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year |
| Telephones
- main lines in use: |
18,000 (1998) |
| Telephones
- mobile cellular: |
3,010 (1998) |
| Telephone
system: |
general
assessment: adequate connections
domestic: automatic telephone system completely
integrated into Italian system
international: connected to Italian
international network |
| Radio
broadcast stations: |
AM 0, FM 3,
shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Television
broadcast stations: |
1 (San Marino
residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) |
| Televisions: |
9,000 (1997) |
| Internet
country code: |
.sm |
| Internet
Service Providers (ISPs): |
2 (2000) |
| Railways: |
0 km; note -
there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San
Marino to Borgo Maggiore |
| Highways: |
total:
220 km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Military
branches: |
Voluntary
Military Force, Police Force |
| Military
expenditures - dollar figure: |
$700,000 (FY00) |
| Military
expenditures - percent of GDP: |
NA% |
| Disputes
- international: |
none |
|
