| Background: |
Economic
development was spurred in the late 19th century with a
railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since
then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and
gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a
tourist and recreation center. |
| Location: |
Western Europe,
bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of
France, near the border with Italy |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
43 44 N, 7 24 E |
| Area: |
total:
1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
about three times
the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Land
boundaries: |
total:
4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
| Maritime
claims: |
territorial
sea: 12 NM |
| Climate: |
Mediterranean
with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
| Terrain: |
hilly, rugged,
rocky |
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
| Land
use: |
arable land:
0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) |
| Environment
- current issues: |
NA |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol |
| Geography
- note: |
second smallest
independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost
entirely urban |
| Population: |
31,842 (July 2001
est.) |
| Age
structure: |
0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375)
15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083)
65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female
4,229) (2001 est.) |
| Population
growth rate: |
0.46% (2001 est.) |
| Birth
rate: |
9.74 births/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Death
rate: |
13 deaths/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Net
migration rate: |
7.85 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Sex
ratio: |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001
est.) |
| Infant
mortality rate: |
5.83 deaths/1,000
live births (2001 est.) |
| Life
expectancy at birth: |
total
population: 78.98 years
male: 75.04 years
female: 83.12 years (2001 est.) |
| Total
fertility rate: |
1.76 children
born/woman (2001 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: |
NA% |
| HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
| Nationality: |
noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
| Ethnic
groups: |
French 47%,
Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
| Religions: |
Roman Catholic
90% |
| Languages: |
French
(official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Literacy: |
definition:
NA
total population: 99%
male: NA%
female: NA% |
| Country
name: |
conventional
long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco |
| Government
type: |
constitutional
monarchy |
| Administrative
divisions: |
none; there are
no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US
Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular
- quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville,
Monte-Carlo |
| Independence: |
1419 (beginning
of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| National
holiday: |
National Day
(Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
| Constitution: |
17 December 1962 |
| Legal
system: |
based on French
law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Suffrage: |
21 years of age;
universal |
| Executive
branch: |
chief of
state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir
Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the
monarch (born 14 March 1958)
head of government: Minister of State Patrick
LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the
authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary;
minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of
three French national candidates presented by the French
Government |
| Legislative
branch: |
unicameral
National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998
(next to be held NA January 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - UND 18 |
| Judicial
branch: |
Supreme Court or
Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the
basis of nominations by the National Council) |
| Political
parties and leaders: |
National and
Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the
Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the
Monegasque Family [leader NA] |
| Political
pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
| International
organization participation: |
ACCT, ECE, IAEA,
ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol,
IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WToO |
| Diplomatic
representation in the US: |
Monaco does not
have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Diplomatic
representation from the US: |
the US does not
have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in
Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco |
| Flag
description: |
two equal
horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag
of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is
white (top) and red |
| Economy
- overview: |
Monaco, situated
on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort,
attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The
Principality has successfully sought to diversify into
services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting
industries. The state has no income tax and low business
taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who
have established residence and for foreign companies that
have set up businesses and offices. The state retains
monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the
telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards
are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French
metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income
figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. |
| GDP: |
purchasing power
parity - $870 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP
- real growth rate: |
NA% |
| GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power
parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) |
| GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture:
NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
NA% |
| Labor
force: |
30,540 (January
1994) |
| Unemployment
rate: |
3.1% (1998) |
| Budget: |
revenues:
$518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1995) |
| Industries: |
tourism,
construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
| Industrial
production growth rate: |
NA% |
| Electricity
- consumption: |
NA kWh |
| Electricity
- imports: |
NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
| Agriculture
- products: |
none |
| Exports: |
$NA; full customs
integration with France, which collects and rebates
Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France |
| Imports: |
$NA; full customs
integration with France, which collects and rebates
Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
$NA |
| Currency: |
French franc (FRF);
euro (EUR) |
| Exchange
rates: |
euros per US
dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386
(1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367
(1997), 5.1155 (1996) |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year |
| Telephones
- main lines in use: |
31,027 (1995) |
| Telephones
- mobile cellular: |
NA |
| Telephone
system: |
general
assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA
international: no satellite earth stations;
connected by cable into the French communications system |
| Radio
broadcast stations: |
AM 1, FM NA,
shortwave 8 (1998) |
| Television
broadcast stations: |
5 (1998) |
| Televisions: |
25,000 (1997) |
| Internet
country code: |
.mc |
| Internet
Service Providers (ISPs): |
2 (2000) |
| Railways: |
total:
1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge |
| Highways: |
total:
50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Ports
and harbors: |
Monaco |
| Merchant
marine: |
none (2000 est.) |
| Airports: |
linked to airport
in Nice, France, by helicopter service |
| Heliports: |
1 (shuttle
service between the international airport at Nice, France,
and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) |
| Military
- note: |
defense is the
responsibility of France |
| Disputes
- international: |
none |
|
